Which type of loan is specifically based on the anticipated amount of a taxpayer's income tax refund?

The type of loan specifically based on the anticipated amount of a taxpayer's income tax refund is known as a Refund Anticipation Loan. This type of loan allows taxpayers to receive a portion of their tax refund in advance of actually filing their tax return. By securing this loan, individuals can access their expected refund quicker, often for emergency expenses or immediate financial needs.

Refund Anticipation Loans are typically offered around tax season by certain lenders or tax preparation services, who provide funds based on the estimated refund the taxpayer will receive from the IRS. It is important for borrowers to be aware of the terms and fees associated with these loans, as they can vary and may impact their overall financial situation.

Other types of loans listed, such as personal loans, home equity loans, and payday loans, do not specifically rely on the anticipated tax refund, making them unsuitable answers to the question at hand.